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PATTERNS OF HAIR MINERAL AND TRACE ELEMENT CONTENTS IN CHILDREN WITH DOWN'S SYNDROME AND MENTAL RETARDATION

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25877313-2020-11-06
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Issue: 
11
Year: 
2020

A.R. Grabeklis Ph.D. (Biol.), Senior Research Scientist, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Senior Lecturer, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (Moscow) ORCID 0000-0003-4017-4139 E-mail: andrewgrabeklis@gmail.com A.A. Skalnaya Resident Physician, Research Center of Neurology (Moscow) ORCID 0000-0001-5938-9194 A.L. Mazaletskaya Ph.D. (Psych.), Yaroslavl State University (Yaroslavl) ORCID 0000-0002-1108-5949 O.P. Ajsuvakova Ph.D. (Chem.), Chemist, Micronutrients JSC (Moscow) ORCID 0000-0003-4707-9353

Relevance. Down's syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. It manifests itself in a wide range of symptoms, including neuropsychiatric disorders, which may be partly due to disturbed metabolism of essential metals in the body. Objective. To study the content of essential minerals and trace elements in hair of children with Down's syndrome and mental retardation in order to find possible common patterns. Material and methods. The study involved 109 children with mental retardation, 75 children with Down's syndrome, and 107 healthy children aged 1 to 7 years (3.28 ± 1.88 years).Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, I, Li, Mn, Se, V, Zn, Ca, K, Mg, Na, Pw as quantitatively determined in hair by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results. The content of cobalt, copper, iron, selenium and vanadium in hair of children with mental retardation and Down's syndrome was lower than in control group by 12% and 11%, 8% and 11%, 18% and 16%, 36% and 15%, 47% and 34%, respectively. At the same time, the level of chromium, lithium, manganese, and zinc as compared to the control group was lower only in children with mental retardation, by 21%, 22%, 11% and 27%, re-spectively. In children with Down's syndrome the iodine level exceeded the control values by 54%, though in children with mental retardation such dif-ferences were not revealed. The phosphorus content in children with mental retardation and Down's syndrome was lower and higher than the control values by 8% and 24%, respectively. The magnesium content in the hair of children with mental retardation was lower than that in healthy subjects and children with Down's syndrome by 18% and 13%, respectively.Allthementioneddifferenceswerestatisticallysignificant (p < 0.05). Conclusion. There are a number of common patterns in altered metabolism of essential minerals and trace elements in children with Down's syn-drome and mental retardation. Despite the undoubtedly genetic cause of pathological changes in Down's disease, these alterations can partially cause neuropsychiatric disorders observed in Down's syndrome patients
Keywords: 
mental development
selenium
copper
phosphorus
mass spectrometry

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