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POSSIBLE DEFICIENCIES OF BIOELEMENTS AT VEGETARIAN DIET

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25877313-2018-09-05
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Issue: 
9
Year: 
2018

T.V. Korobeynikova Ph.D. (Eng.), ANO Center for biotic medicine ( Moscow) E-mail: tv_korobeinikova@mail.ru

Vegetarian diets can be defined as the partial/complete exclusion of animal products from the diet depending on the type of vegetarianism. Reduc-tion or complete exclusion of products of animal origin leads to changes in the intake of essential nutrients into the body. The person receives the neces-sary bioelements -proteins, fats and carbohydrates with food. Proteins in different plant-origin food are composed by all essential amino acids, but the quantity of one or two amino acids may be low / limiting. Cereals and vegetables are particularly limited in their content of lysine and threonine, methio-nine. Dietary adjustments such as using more beans and soy products instead of other protein are recommended to vegetarians. Rations that do not con-tain fish, eggs or a sufficient amount of seaweed are usually poor in essential ω-3 fatty acids. Vegetarians especially vegans receive a large amount of dietary fiber indigestible in the body of carbohydrates. It is known that excessive fiber intake, can reduce the bioavailability of certain minerals, which is undesirable for children and adolescents. Plant products do not contain a significant amount of active vitamin B12. The most deficient component is vitamin B12 in the diet of vegan and vegetarians. Insufficiency of vitamin B12 intake was found in 43%88% of vegan. Lacto-ovo-vegetarian food can provide this vitamin of eggs and dairy product however its intake might not be enough. Intake of vitamin D is usually a vegetarian diet is reduced. The use of fortified foods is recommended at vegetarian diet.

Keywords: 
vegetarian diet
vegan diet
deficiency
macronutrients
vitamins

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