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THE FEATURES OF THE COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF MYRTUS COMMUNIS L. ESSENTIAL OIL, GROWN UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTHERN COAST OF THE CRIMEA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25877313-2018-11-04
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Issue: 
11
Year: 
2018

E.Yu. Bakova Junior Research Scientist, Laboratory, Human Phytorehabilitation, Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Center of the RAS (Yalta) A.E. Paliy Ph.D.(Biol.), Head of the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Physiology and Plant Reproductive Biology, Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Center of the RAS (Yalta) N.N. Bakova Ph.D.(Agricul.), Senior Research Scientist, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Physiology and Plant Reproductive Biology, Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Center of the RAS (Yalta) E-mail:tkdizain@yandex.ru I.A. Fedotova Junior Research Scientist, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Physiology and Plant Reproductive Biology, Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Center of the RAS (Yalta)

Myrtle is a promising medicinal plant for the introduction into medical practice. The objective of this work was to determine the optimal method of quantitative determination of essential oil and the study of its qualitative composition. The objects of the study were dried leaves of common myrtle. Quantitative content of essential oil in myrtle dry leaves was determined by methods 1 and 2 in accordance with general pharmacopoeia article (GFA) 1.5.3.0010.15. of State Pharmacopoeia, Issue XIII. The component composition of the obtained essential oil was determined by gas-liquid chromatog-raphy. When using method 1, the receiver with the released oil was in the extraction flask and it was exposed to high temperature throughout the entire period of oil distillation. When using method 2, the essential oil receiver was taken out of the extraction flask, which allowed to reduce the loss of essential oil and extract it from the raw material as much as possible. As a result, when using Method 2, the yield of essential oil was significantly higher - by 34% compared to method 1, which was associated with a decrease in the loss of essential oil, which had high thermal stability. Method 2 of determination of myrtle essential oil is preferable because it allows to extract oil from raw materials as much as possible. It has been found that the predominant components of the oil in percentage terms are: 1.8-cineole (22.05%), linalool (16.06%), α-pinene (13.72%), myrtenil acetate (10.17%), D-limonene (7.34%). The share of terpenoids accounts for 70.4-75.6% of the total content of components, the share of terpene compounds is 15.8-21.45%, the amount of non-terpene compounds is 4.19-4.81%. The essential oil obtained from myrtle dry leaves belongs to the 1.8-cineol chemotype. It is possible to standardize the oil according to the content of its main compounds: 1.8-cineole, linalool, α-pinene and myrtenil acetate.
Keywords: 
common myrtle (Myrtus communis L.)
essential oil
Ginsberg’s method
Clevenger’s method
component composition
chemotypes

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