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MODERN TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE PRODUCTION OF EXTRACTION DRUGS (REVIEW)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29296/25877313-2021-06-02
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Issue: 
6
Year: 
2021

M.A. Dzhavakhyan Dr.Sc. (Pharm.), All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Moscow, Russia) E-mail: akopovamarina13@mail.ru O.K. Pavelieva Student, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Moscow, Russia)

Various extraction methods with the use of ethanol, ethers and acids are extensively employing in industry. Their use is associated with multi-stage utilization, the need to detect and remove the residual toxic solvents from the target product. Currently, the search for new extractants that meet the principles of "green chemistry", such as the use of renewable plant resources and alternative solvents, is relevant. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are of interest for modern pharmaceutical technology as an alternative to traditional organic extractants. They are characterized by the formation of strong hydrogen bonds and, due to their extremely low vapor pressure, are widely used in polymer chemistry and synthetic organic chemistry. The prospects for their use are due to their low toxicity, biodegradability, the possibility of selective extraction of a specific substance and renewal of the extractant. In numerous works of foreign scientists, the results of studying the effect of DES on the yield of various groups of biologically active substances (BAS) from both dried and fresh plants are described. The extraction processes with deep eutectic solvents are based on the replacement of solvent molecules with biologically active substances with the cleavage of old hydrogen bonds and the formation of new ones. DES performed well both for the extraction of groups of compounds and for the selective extraction of individual biologically active molecules. At the same time, the use of DES is characterized by the complexity of the choice of the initial substances, the need to select their ratio, and the aggregation instability of some systems. This review presents data on the DES fabrication technology. The most common components, melting points of ready-made mixtures and information on their stability are noted. We analyzed the data on the toxicity of the resulting mixtures and their possible biological activity, since many components are primary metabolites. This review summarizes the existing data on the toxicity and extraction capacity of eutectic solvents over the past 20 years.

Keywords: 
deep eutectic solvent
bioactive compound
extraction

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